Есть такое типографически-лингвистическое понятие, как панграмма. Это такой более или менее связный текст (как правило, умещающийся в пределы одного предложения), который показывает каждую букву алфавита.
Для чего они нужны типографистам — в первую очередь дизайнерам, — понятно: чтобы посмотреть, как будут выглядеть все буквы данного шрифта. В этом смысле самой известной русской панграммой служит фраза «Съешь же ещё этих мягких французских булочек, да выпей чаю». Её использует Microsoft, чтобы показать тот или иной шрифт (правда, Microsoft опускает частицу же).
Для чего они нужны лингвистам, непонятно: видимо, для того, чтобы показать все буквы алфавита в нестандартном порядке. 🙂 Плюс для разных лингвистических игр и других литературных забав.
В английском языке самая известная панграмма — The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog («Быстрая рыжая лиса перепрыгивает через ленивого пса») — была придумана в 1888 году и по сей день используется всё в тех же типографических целях.
Со списками панграмм на различных языках, включая русский, вы можете ознакомиться в Википедии. Также этой теме посвящён §33 ru/kovodstv’а Артемия Лебедева.
В дополнение позволю себе воспользоваться сокровищницей Википедии и приведу ниже список английских панграмм.
Без имён собственных и инициалов
- Cwm fjord bank glyphs vext quiz. (Carved symbols in a mountain hollow on the bank of an inlet irritated an eccentric person.)
- Squdgy fez, blank jimp crwth vox! (A short brimless felt hat barely blocks out the sound of a Celtic violin. — created by Claude Shannon)
- Jink cwm, zag veldt, fob qursh pyx. (Cross valley and plain to steal coins from Saudi mint. — created by Stephen Wagner)
- Veldt jynx grimps waqf zho buck. (A grasslands wryneck Woodpecker climbs onto a male bovid on Muslim land held in trust. — created by Michael Jones)
- Junky qoph-flags vext crwd zimb. (An Abyssinian fly playing a Celtic violin was annoyed by trashy flags on which were the Hebrew letter qoph.)
- Cwm fjord veg balks nth pyx quiz. (Relaxing in basins at the end of inlets terminates the endless tests from the box.)
- Vext cwm fly, zing, jabs kurd qoph. (An annoyed fly in a Welsh mountain hollow, making a buzzing sound, jabs at the Hebrew letter qoph as made by someone from Kurdistan.)
- Zing, dwarf jocks vex lymph, Qutb. (Making a high-pitched sound, short athletes annoy their lymph glands and an Islamic saint. — created by Peter M. Lella)
С именами собственными, сокращениями, аббревиатурами и инициалами
- Quartz glyph job vex’d cwm finks. (The act of carving symbols into quartz irritated ruffians from a Welsh river valley.)
- Blowzy night-frumps vex’d Jack Q.
- Dwarf mobs quiz lynx.jpg, kvetch! (crowd of midgets question picture of wildcat, then complain.)
- Jerk gawps foxy Qum Blvd. chintz. (Contemptible person stares at sexy, burka-clad women parading down the main street of Qum, Iran)
- Fjord q-klutz bahs given cwm pyx.
- Frowzy things plumb vex’d Jack Q.
- Glum Schwartzkopf vex’d by NJ IQ.
- J.Q. Vandz struck my big fox whelp.
- J.Q. Schwartz flung D.V. Pike my box.
- Jocks find quartz glyph, vex BMW.
- Jumbling vext frowzy hacks PDQ. (Being bounced around quickly annoyed the disheveled taxi drivers. — all words in high school dictionary)
- Jump dogs, why vex Fritz Blank QC?
- The glib czar junks my VW Fox PDQ.
- T.V. quiz jock, Mr. PhD, bags few lynx. (often seen as Mr. Jock, TV quiz PhD, bags few lynx.)
- NBC glad. Why? Fox TV jerks quiz PM.
- New job: fix Mr. Gluck’s hazy TV, PDQ! (includes 5 punctuation symbols)
- PR flacks quiz gym: TV DJ box when?
- Quartz jock vends BMW glyph fix.
- Zing! Vext cwm fly jabs Kurd qoph.
- G.B. fjords vex quick waltz nymph.
- JFK got my VHS, PC and XLR web quiz.
- Fjord Nymphs XV beg quick waltz.
Английские панграммы без сокращений (в порядке увеличения количества использованных букв)
- Nymphs blitz quick vex dwarf jog. (27 letters)
- DJs flock by when MTV ax quiz prog. (27 letters) (2 acronyms and a US spelling)
- Big fjords vex quick waltz nymph. (27 letters)
- Bawds jog, flick quartz, vex nymph. (27 letters)
- Junk MTV quiz graced by fox whelps. (28 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Bawds jog, flick quartz, vex nymphs. (28 letters)
- Waltz, bad nymph, for quick jigs vex! (28 letters)
- Fox nymphs grab quick-jived waltz. (28 letters)
- Brick quiz whangs jumpy veldt fox. (28 letters)
- Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. (28 letters)
- Bright vixens jump; dozy fowl quack. (29 letters)
- Vexed nymphs go for quick waltz job. (29 letters)
- Quick wafting zephyrs vex bold Jim. (29 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. (29 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Quick blowing zephyrs vex daft Jim. (29 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. (29 letters) (Used by Adobe InDesign when providing samples of all fonts.)
- Sex-charged fop blew my junk TV quiz (29 letters)
- Jack fox bids ivy-strewn phlegm quiz (30 letters)
- How quickly daft jumping zebras vex. (30 letters)
- Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. (30 letters)
- «Now fax quiz Jack!» my brave ghost pled. (30 letters)
- Jack, love my big wad of sphinx quartz! (30 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Vamp fox held quartz duck just by wing. (31 letters)
- Five quacking zephyrs jolt my wax bed. (31 letters)
- The five boxing wizards jump quickly. (31 letters) (Used by XXDiff as sample text)
- Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. (31 letters) (Used by Microsoft Windows XP when previewing some non-TrueType/OpenType fonts. It is interesting that the set of digits afterwards omits the numeral 7.)
- Kvetching, flummoxed by job, W. zaps Iraq. (32 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- My ex pub quiz crowd gave joyful thanks. (32 letters)
- Cozy sphinx waves quart jug of bad milk. (32 letters)
- Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble pizza. (32 letters)
- A very bad quack might jinx zippy fowls. (32 letters)
- Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. (32 letters) (Used for font samples by Beagle Bros and in Space Shuttle, Featured in Ella Minnow Pea)
- Few quips galvanized the mock jury box. (32 letters)
- The jay, pig, fox, zebra, and my wolves quack! (33 letters)
- Blowzy red vixens fight for a quick jump. (33 letters)
- Joaquin Phoenix was gazed by MTV for luck. (34 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- JCVD might pique a sleazy boxer with funk. (34 letters) (Includes initialism of proper noun)
- Quizzical twins proved my hijack-bug fix. (34 letters)
- The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. (35 letters) (Used to test typewriters and computer keyboards, and as sample text; famous for its coherency, dating back to 1888)
- Wolf zombies quickly spot the jinxed grave. (36 letters)
- Heavy boxes perform quick waltzes and jigs. (36 letters)
- A quick chop jolted my big sexy frozen wives. (36 letters)
- A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. (36 letters)
- Sympathizing would fix Quaker objectives. (36 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Pack my red box with five dozen quality jugs. (36 letters)
- Fake bugs put in wax jonquils drive him crazy. (37 letters)
- Watch «Jeopardy!», Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. (37 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- The big plump jowls of zany Dick Nixon quiver. (37 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- GQ jock wears vinyl tuxedo for showbiz promo. (37 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Woven silk pyjamas exchanged for blue quartz. (38 letters) (Used for font samples by Scribus)
- Brawny gods just flocked up to quiz and vex him. (38 letters)
- My faxed joke won a pager in the cable TV quiz show. (39 letters)
- The quick onyx goblin jumps over the lazy dwarf. (39 letters) (From flavor text in a card in the Magic: the Gathering card game)
- The lazy major was fixing Cupid’s broken quiver. (39 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes. (40 letters)
- Foxy diva Jennifer Lopez wasn’t baking my quiche. (41 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks for job pen. (41 letters) (Used for font samples by the Macintosh, post-System 7, as well as on certain Palm products)
- By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize. (41 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Painful zombies quickly watch a jinxed graveyard. (42 letters)
- Fax back Jim’s Gwyneth Paltrow video quiz. (42 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- My girl wove six dozen plaid jackets before she quit. (43 letters)
- Six big devils from Japan quickly forgot how to waltz. (44 letters)
- «Who am taking the ebonics quiz?», the prof jovially axed. (44 letters)
- Why shouldn’t a quixotic Kazakh vampire jog barefoot? (44 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Big July earthquakes confound zany experimental vow. (45 letters)
- Foxy parsons quiz and cajole the lovably dim wiki-girl. (45 letters)
- Cute, kind, jovial, foxy physique, amazing beauty? Wowser! (45 letters)
- Have a pick: twenty six letters — no forcing a jumbled quiz! (46 letters)
- Jack quietly moved up front and seized the big ball of wax. (47 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Few black taxis drive up major roads on quiet hazy nights. (47 letters)
- Just poets wax boldly as kings and queens march over fuzz. (47 letters)
- Bored? Craving a pub quiz fix? Why, just come to the Royal Oak! (47 letters) (Used to advertise a pub quiz in Bowness-on-Windermere)
- Crazy Fredericka bought many very exquisite opal jewels. (48 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Sixty zippers were quickly picked from the woven jute bag. (48 letters)
- The job of waxing linoleum frequently peeves chintzy kids. (49 letters)
- Back in June we delivered oxygen equipment of the same size. (49 letters) (Includes proper noun)
- Just keep examining every low bid quoted for zinc etchings. (49 letters) (Used in many type specimen books for letterpress printers)
- How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts! (49 letters) (Used for font samples by the Macintosh, System 7 era)
- A quick movement of the enemy will jeopardize six gunboats. (49 letters)
- All questions asked by five watched experts amaze the judge. (49 letters)
- The wizard quickly jinxed the gnomes before they vaporized. (50 letters)
- Jaded zombies acted quietly but kept driving their oxen forward. (54 letters)
- The cajoling quirked sexy wizard mob persuade very influentially. (56 letters)
2 комментария ↓
1
Артём Трубачев
// Фев 24, 2011 в 3:57 пп
Вчера смотрел «Всё из-за Пита Тонга» и там его учили читать по губам с помощью фразы про лису, я ещё подумал «Какая нелепая фраза»
2 Mark // Мар 8, 2011 в 1:27 дп
Да, иногда без знания культурологической специфики не всегда понятно, почему в фильмах/рекламе/передачах поступают так или иначе.
Это же касается, например, мюзикла «Звуки музыки» (The Sound Of Music), который не преминут вставить всюду: и в «Танцующую в темноте», и в рекламу «Опеля» (если я не ошибаюсь), и, и, и…
Или вот шутки Knock-knock. Они-то уж совсем на каждом углу. А, не зная, думаешь: чего к человеку прицепились. Как, к примеру, в фильме «Август Раш» (August Rush) — когда в детдоме главному герою привязались другие воспитанники после отбоя.
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